The term Guóyǔ ( 國語 国语) or the "national language", had previously been used by the Manchu-ruled Qing dynasty of China to refer to the Manchurian language. The term "Mandarin" is a translation of Guānhuà ( 官話 官话, literally "bureaucrats' speech"), which referred to Imperial Mandarin. The name Modern Standard Mandarin is used to distinguish it from its historic standard. Colloquially, it is imprecisely referred simply as Mandarin, even though that name may refer also to the Mandarin dialect group as a whole or its historic standard such as Imperial Mandarin. In linguistics, it may be termed Standard Northern Mandarin or Standard Beijing Mandarin, and in common speech simply Mandarin, better qualified as Standard Mandarin, Modern Standard Mandarin or Standard Mandarin Chinese.Īmong linguists, Standard Chinese is known as Standard Northern Mandarin or Standard Beijing Mandarin. It is an analytic language, albeit with many compound words. Compared with southern Chinese varieties, the language has fewer vowels, final consonants and tones, but more initial consonants. Like other Sinitic languages, Standard Chinese is a tonal language with topic-prominent organization and subject–verb–object (SVO) word order. Hong Kong written Chinese, used for formal written communication in Hong Kong and Macau, is a form of Standard Chinese that is read aloud with the Cantonese reading of characters. Standard Chinese is a pluricentric language with local standards in mainland China, Taiwan and Singapore that mainly differ in their lexicon. It is largely based on the Beijing dialect. It is designated as the official language of mainland China and a major language in the United Nations, Singapore, and Taiwan. 'modern standard Han speech') is a modern standardized form of Mandarin Chinese that was first codified during the Republican Era (1912‒1949). Standard Chinese ( simplified Chinese: 现代标准汉语 traditional Chinese: 現代標準漢語 pinyin: Xiàndài biāozhǔn hànyǔ lit. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.Ĭommon name in Singapore and Southeast Asia Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. This article contains IPA phonetic symbols.
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